Valuable online resources in Classics for reference, study aid, and research are so numerous that we have tried to limit ourselves here to sites likely to be particularly useful to students, including sites that can serve as starting points for further research and exploration. Sites are listed in two categories below: For Students of Greek and Latin and For All Students. For still more, see the list of Organizations, many of which provide or link to useful resources, sometimes including their own journals or newsletters.
For guidance in using and evaluating internet resources, consult the Classics faculty, librarians at Sawyer, and the Sawyer Library sites A-Z Databases and Research Guides.
For Students of Greek and Latin
Liddell and Scott, An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon (via Perseus)
Lewis and Short, A Latin Dictionary (via Perseus)
Autenrieth’s Homeric Dictionary (via Perseus)
Allen and Greenough’s New Latin Grammar (via Perseus)
Gildersleeve’s Greek Syntax (via Perseus)
eLatin eGreek eLearn links to a great variety of on-line materials for studying ancient Greek and Latin, particularly at the introductory and intermediate levels.
Thesaurus Linguae Graecae has digitalized most literary texts from Homer to 1453 C.E.
For All Students
Perseus, the single most important site for all things Greek and for many things Roman. An extensive collection of images and of Greek and Latin texts,translations, essays and many other useful tools for studying ancient Greek and Latin language, literature, and culture.
Electronic Resources for Classicists: The Second Generation. A well organized, well maintained, and particularly helpful collection of direct links to collections of images, electronic publications, sites devoted to specific topics and individual authors, course materials, bibliographies, fonts and software, and much more.
Stoa, a consortium for online publication in the humanities that links directly to a number of valuable sites, for instance: Suda-On-Line, Ancient City of Athens, Demos (on the workings of democracy in classical Athens); Metis (QTVR panoramas of Greek archaeological sites and monuments).
Hellenic History on the Internet, a useful overview of Hellenic history and culture from the Stone Age to the present
Athenian Agora Excavations, up-to-date information on the excavations; maps, diagrams, QTVR virtual reality movies, and links to very useful publications, like “Pots and Pans in the Athenian Agora” or “Socrates in the Athenian Agora,” that are available online and in downloadable pdf’s.
Ancient City of Athens, images with essays and links to information about Athens.
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites.
The Perseus Site Catalogue, which extends and updates the material in PECS.
The Visual Resources Center of Williams Department of Art, with links to ARTstor and other resources.
More Sites
Most of the numerous sites dedicated to individual authors, to specialized topics, areas, and methods of study, or to particular historical periods, peoples or languages can be discovered via sites like those above. Here is a sampling of sites you could quickly find:
Homosexuality in Greece and Rome: A Sourcebook of Basic Documents. The first two chapters of the book edited by T. K. Hubbard, text and images.
Egyptology, links to e-resources from the UCLA Egyptology Department.
Antique Roman Dishes (food and recipes)
Interpreting Ancient Manuscripts
The American Numismatic Society provides a database on Greek and Roman coins.
The Virtual Catalogue of Roman Coins
Bibliographies
Some of the sites listed above provide or link to bibliographies, but the following include some major, particularly useful resources for bibliography:
L’Annee philologique, an index to work published since 1924 in fields related to the language, literature, history and culture of ancient Greece and Rome, is the standard bibliographical tool for research in Classics. The online electronic version covers the years 1949-2005.
Gnomon on-line, for recent books and journal articles in Classics.
TOCS-IN offers a searchable database of articles of interest to classicists from 1984 on.
Bryn Mawr Classical Review publishes online reviews (often review essays) of recent books in all areas of Classics. As an online journal which publishes unsolicited reviews, BMCR may publish several reviews of the same book and sometimes generates a bit of back-and-forth among reviewers, and it publishes reviews of books likely to be of wide interest in a more timely fashion than traditional journals do, as well as more reviews on esoteric books.
Index of published volumes of ANRW (Aufsteig und Niedergang der romischen Welt).
The On-Line Survey of Audio-Visual Resources for Classics.
For more bibliographies on Greek and Roman literature, history and culture, and on individual authors and specific topics, go to More Online Bibliographies.
More Online Bibliographies
Greek and Roman literature
- Gnomon Bibliographic Database. The journal that reviews Classics publications has made its bibliography available on-line. This link takes you to the English version of the site.
- TOCS-IN offers a searchable database of articles of interest to classicists from 1984 on.
- Lengthy bibliography on the Ancient Novel, from the Petronian Society Ancient Novel page.
- A Hellenistic Bibliography, by Martine Cuypers of the University of Leiden. This page assembles bibliographies for post-classical Greek poets and poetry.
- Greek and Roman Drama: A bibliography compiled by John Porter of the University of Saskatchewan.
- Ancient Weddings, a Greek and Roman literature-based bibliography.
- Drama in the Roman Republic: Getting Started, by Timothy Moore of the Department of Classics, Univ. of Texas at Austin.
Greek authors
- Aeschylus (includes works through the mid-80’s)
- Apollonius of Rhodes (From A Hellenistic Bibliography, by Martijn Cuypers. On this main page, you’ll find links to more selective versions of the Apollonius bibliography.)
- Aristophanes (includes works through the mid-80’s)
- Aristotle, Poetics (By Malcolm Heath)
- Bacchylides (By Ilja Leonard Pfeijffer, Classics Dept. at the Univ. of Leiden)
- Callimachus (From A Hellenistic Bibliography, by Martijn Cuypers.)
- Euclid (From the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive)
- Euripides and Tragic Theatre in the Late Fifth Century.
- Euripides Medea (by C. A. E. Luschnig)
- Hesiod Theogony (From the institut de préhistoire et des sciences de l’antiquité )
- Homer (By M. P. Cuypers)
- Josephus (from PACE: Project on Ancient Cultural Engagement)
- Menander (From Case Western Reserve’s Classics Department)
- Pindar bibliography (From A Hellenistic Bibliography, by Martijn Cuypers.)
- Plato, Symposium (by Radcliffe G. Edmonds III, Bryn Mawr College)
- Plotinus (By Pierre Thillet)
- Plotinian Bibliography From 2000-present (By Richard Dufour)
- Plutarch (From Chaironeia: Plutarch’s Home on the Web)
- Sophocles (includes works through the mid-80’s)
- Thucydides (By Lowell Edmunds of Rutgers University‘s Classics Dept.)
- A Hellenistic Bibliography contains links to bibliographies of fourteen Hellenistic Greek authors, four Roman authors, and other Hellenistic links. (By Martijn Cuypers)
Roman authors
- Many Roman poets are listed in A Hellenistic Bibliography, by Martine Cuypers of the University of Leiden.
- Apuleius (By Ulrich Schmitzer)
- Catullus (A bibliography through 1993, by Ulrich Schmitzer)
- Cicero Bibliography
- Livy (By Timothy Moore of the Department of Classics, Univ. of Texas at Austin)
- Ovid A searchable database that can also be browsed by Ovid’s works (by Ulrich Schmitzer).
- Recent Ovidian Bibliography A searchable database of Ovid scholarship from 1990 to the present.
- Pliny the Younger (By Ulrich Schmitzer)
- Tibullus (A bibliography through 1994, by Ulrich Schmitzer)
- Vergil’s Aeneid (By Shirley Werner)
- Virgil in Late Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance
Bronze Age
- Nestor is “An international bibliography of pre-classical Greece (paleolithic to Homer and beyond), eastern Mediterranean and Southeastern European prehistory, Homeric society, Indo-European linguistics and related fields” (description taken from Electronic Resources for Classicists). You may want to go right to a search. Nestor is published by the Department of Classics , Univ. of Cincinnati.
- Chloris: a Bronze Age Aegean Bibliography. This is a searchable database which covers mainland Greece, Crete, and the Cyclades.
- Minoan Religion, a detailed bibliography organized by sub-topic, from Prehistoric Archaeology of the Aegean, a web-project of Dartmouth College.
- Bibliography of Bronze Age through Archaic Greek and Eastern Mediterranean art.
Culture and society
- Daily Life in Classical Antiquity – General Bibliography, compiled by John Porter.
- Parallels and Connections Between the Hellenic, Semitic, and Anatolian Cultures
- The Black Presence in Antiquity, compiled by Leida I. Torres and Andrea Only of the Morland-Springern Research Center at Howard University.
- Childhood in Antiquity, by Meir Bar Ilan
- Greek Costume Bibliography. Includes citations of works on ancient textiles, weaving, clothing manufacture, clothing styles, etc.
- Late Antiquity in the Mediterranean: Online Bibliographies
- War and Peace in Classical Antiquity, by Rob S. Rice.
- Homosexuality in Greece and Rome
Women in the ancient world
- Diotima‘s bibliography for the study of women and gender in the ancient world. This link takes you to the bibliography’s home page which contains a search engine, and dozens of pre-set searches by culture, author, topic, and keyword. This is an extensive collection of bibliographies.
- Women in Greek Drama: A Bibliography compiled by John Porter of the University of Saskatchewan.
- Women in Late Antiquity, compiled by Antti Arjava, University of Helsinki.
- Jewish Women in Antiquity, by Meir Bar-Ilan.
Religion, ritual, and magic
- Ritual and Ceremony in the Ancient Mediterranean and Near East (1970-1996), by K. C. Hanson.
- Ritual and Ceremony in the Greco-Roman World (1970-1996), by K. C. Hanson.
- Judaism in the Greco-Roman Period, a self-described “basic bibliography” from the Ioudaios-L listserv that covers much more than the word ‘basic’ might suggest.
- Greek and Mediterranean religion and society: The works of Walter Burkert
- Minoan Religion, a detailed bibliography organized by sub-topic, from Prehistoric Archaeology of the Aegean, a web-project of Dartmouth College.
- The Roman Imperial Cult, a bibliography by J. P. Adams.
Science and technology
- Ancient Medicine : Medicina Antiqua, by Lee T. Pearcy.
- Ancient Greek Science, a bibliography by Professor Cynthia Freeland.
- Ancient and Medieval Natural Philosophy, a bibliography by Professor Robert Hatch, part of his History of Science bibliography.
Greek history
- Bibliography for CLAS 110: Greek Civilization, by John Porter.
- Hellenistic History and Society. Compiled and maintained by Martine Cuypers.
- Sparta
- Ancient Nemea Bibliography. By Susannah L. Van Horn.
- Theramenes
- Alexander the Great, by Waldemar Heckel. You can also download pdf files of parts or the whole of the bibliography.
- Alexander the Great 2001-2005. Compiled and maintained by Martine Cuypers.
- Bibliography on Ancient Greek Law, by David Mirhady and Ilias Arnaoutoglou.
- Coinage of Greece and Rome: A Bibliography. Extensive and well-organized. From the Department of Classics and Ancient History at the University of Warwick.
- Ancient Greek & Roman Music, Selected Bibliography. Prepared by Prof. Nancy Sultan, Illinois Wesleyan University.
- The Art and Archaeology of Attica. By Dr. David Gill.
- The Makers of Greek Art, Bibliography. By Dr David Gill.
- Bibliography of Bronze Age through Archaic Greek and Eastern Mediterranean art.
- Euripides and Tragic Theatre in the Late Fifth Century.
Roman history
- The Fall of the Roman Empire, a bibliography by Lucinda Neuru in support of her course on the subject.
- Lead and the Fall of Rome, compiled by Steve Muhlberger from contributions to the list LT-ANTIQ.
- Late Roman Food Supply, compiled by Lars Lordahl and Steve Muhlberger with the help of the LT-ANTIQ discussion list.
- Short Bibliography of Recent Studies on Roman Demography in English by Thomas Anderson.
- Roman Domestic Architecture, by Joshua Brandt. There are two versions of this bibliography: one with works only in English, and a “full” version.
- Ancient Greek & Roman Music, Selected Bibliography. Prepared by Prof. Nancy Sultan, Illinois Wesleyan University.
- The Roman Army.
Categories include General Works, Texts, Legions, Auxilia, Officers, Centurions, Optiones, Recruitment, Finance, Campaigns, Battles, and Military Areas, Army Life, Logistics, Training, The Roman Navy, Discharge, III Century Crisis, and Later, Other Items. - Roman army bibliography, by Sander van Dorst.
- The Development of the Roman Navy, by Thomas P. Roche.
- Roman Law, by Bernard J. Hibbitts, The University of Pittsburgh School of Law.
- Roman Criminal Law, by François Lareau.
- Coinage of Greece and Rome: A Bibliography. Extensive and well-organized. From the Department of Classics and Ancient History at the University of Warwick.
- Chinese Accounts of Rome, Byzantium and the Middle East, c. 91 B.C.E. – 1643 C.E., from the Internet East Asian Source Book.
Greek and Latin language
- Greek Rhetoric and Prose Style Bibliography, from the home page of Hardy Hansen’s course, Greek Rhetoric and Prose Style.
- Bibliography of Ancient Greek Linguistics, an extensive and well-organized bibliography by Michel Buijs of the University of Utrecht.
- Bibliography of Papyrology, organized by sub-topic. You may also download the complete bibliography as an MS Word file. By Traianos Gagos.
- Bibliography: Greek Grammar and Linguistics, by Rodney J. Decker. This bibliography concentrates primarily on New Testament Greek.
- Brief bibliography of Latin linguistics, by Philip Baldi.
- Latin Therapy: Bibliography of Latin Language Resources, from Cambridge University’s Department of History and Philosophy of Science. This bibliography focuses on the Latin technical terminology of various fields of Roman studies, such as mathematics, geography, scholastics, etc.
- Bibliography of the History of Latin Pronunciation. by Peter Jeffery of Princeton University.